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In the morning of the day
December 7, 1941,
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Antares was
pull a vessel.
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The signalman saw something very strange.
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I was following the movement,
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and had the same shape
from the top of a submarine,
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but smaller.
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Antares sent a message
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that it was some
type of enemy invasion.
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The USS Ward fired on
the mini submarine when he saw it.
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The first gun fired,
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the third gun fired,
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and one of the shots hit him
between the sail and the hull
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and the submarine dived.
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The crew of the USS Ward
I didn't know it yet,
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but they had done
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the first shots
of the Second World War.
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What do Americans
they didn't know either
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is what would follow later.
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A surprise attack
from a hidden enemy
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which would cost them around
2400 lives...
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and it would change history.
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It's one of the most crucial days in history
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just like the attack on the Twin Towers,
on September 11th.
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We know that the world
It won't be the same as before
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after this.
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Now using rare documents
and witness reports,
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this is the attack on Pearl Harbor
just as it happened...
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minute by minute.
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A huge naval force
is grouping
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125 miles northeast
from the main islands of Japan,
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in a remote location
in Hitokappu Bay.
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The mission is so secret
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that just a group of thousands
of Japanese people gathered here
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they know their destiny.
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On board Japanese ships,
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there is only speculation
about the possible destination.
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It might just be
another training exercise.
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Many of the men thought
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that maybe it was an attack
to Americans in the Aleutian Islands
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because they headed north
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but they had no idea
where they were going.
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On board one
of the six aircraft carriers
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there was the torpedo bomber
23 years old, Masamitsu Yoshioka.
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Now 103 years old, he is one
of the last Japanese survivors
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from the attack on Pearl Harbor.
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Normally,
told us where we were going
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and for what reason.
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But on this particular mission,
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they didn't tell us
where we were going.
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The fleet that was gathering
had the objective
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perform one of the operations
more complex and ambitious
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from the history of naval warfare.
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The plan to sail
a fleet of aircraft carriers
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3500 miles across the ocean
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and attack the base
of the US Pacific Fleet
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on the Hawaiian island of Oahu.
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They didn't just plan
attack the naval port
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and destroy the Pacific Fleet
from the USA.
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They were also going to attack everyone
the airstrips on the island of Oahu.
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It was very ambitious
but also very bold.
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The captain began to read
these instructions,
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"Confronted by America
oppressive and arrogant...
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from December 8th...
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we will be at war."
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I felt that all the blood
of my body
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it had gone through my head
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and fell into the cockpit.
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I thought, "Now I have to go.
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It's going to be a huge war.
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I'm not going back."
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The attack on Pearl Harbor
it would be the decisive attack
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in Japan's strategy
stops the expansion of the empire.
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They had already invaded significant parts
from northeastern China
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and they needed oil
to continue expansion.
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Japan is an island nation,
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and many of its features and main
products, especially oil,
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have to be imported,
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and the USA is a
from the main suppliers.
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In August 1941,
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the US cut off supplies to Japan
after the invasion of French Indochina.
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Diplomatic negotiations
between Washington and Tokyo,
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theoretically,
kept happening.
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The military junta that was
guiding Japan concludes that
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they wouldn't have the access they needed
reservations through negotiations.
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The only way was violence.
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Japan planned to invade the Indies
Oil-rich Dutch East,
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but there was an obstacle.
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Did you know that the US
would be the power
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that would be in your way,
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especially because the U.S.
occupied the Philippines.
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It was already planned
the occupation of the Philippines,
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and to be able to occupy them,
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they would have to first take it off the map
the US Pacific Fleet.
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Dawn at Pearl Harbor
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the Pacific base of the US fleet.
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More than 90 ships are based here
in its natural harbor
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as well as the 84 thousand soldiers
from the island of Oahu.
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Pearl Harbor was
a great base.
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If you were in the American military,
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there was no better place
as a base before the war.
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A pleasant climate,
nice people,
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bars and restaurants
and the beach,
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and lots to do
if they were military.
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Husband Admiral E. Kimmel
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was in charge of this
base of paradise,
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and became commander-in-chief of the fleet
US Pacific in February 1941.
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Admiral Husband Kimmel
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He was a very good admiral
organized and efficient.
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He's the kind of person you admire
maybe more than you like,
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but it is also
incredibly respected
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because it became
the commander in chief of the US fleet
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above any admiral
more veterans.
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Kimmel was very dedicated
training and exercises,
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activities that would be necessary
to prepare the US for war
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that everyone knew that
approached,
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We were there 20 months,
in training.
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We are trained for anything
that could happen.
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Everything was training for war,
live ammunition, and everything,
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so it was instilled in us.
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But it wasn't the preparation of these men
which was tested first;
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it was Kimmel's instincts
as commander.
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On November 27th
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received information
with warning of an attack
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somewhere in the Pacific.
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The war warning said
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"Japanese intentions
are unknown.
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Your actions will
be unpredictable.
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Be prepared."
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In Hitokappu Bay,
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the Japanese strike force, Kido Butai,
it was now at full strength
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and his journey began
3500 miles to Hawaii.
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Along with the six aircraft carriers,
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with 387 planes on board,
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there are two warships,
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nine destroyers,
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several battle cruisers,
submarines, and support ships.
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Most naval forces
use aircraft carriers
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to meet the enemy at sea
and return to the starting point
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so that larger ships with weapons
find them and confront them.
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Use aircraft carriers as
resistance force
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it was an unusual naval tactic.
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It was quite revolutionary.
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It was also quite demanding
for the Japanese naval force
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because they just had
10 aircraft carriers.
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But the fact that they didn't have to
wait for the war to come
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and were on Japanese soil
It was also revolutionary.
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For the mission to work,
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the attack force had to stay
not detected during the 12 days of travel.
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When he left, the attack force
he really entered his isolated world.
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They didn't send planes
recognition,
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and were careful about the trash
who threw them out of the ship
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in the case of an American submarine
pass by.
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All Japanese ships
knew the positions of others
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strictly through
of visual means.
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They used flags and traffic lights
to maintain position and communicate.
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There were none
radio contact.
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The Japanese too
they did their best
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to deceive the secret services
Americans about the location of the fleet.
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Every radio operator
It's very different,
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like fingerprints
different.
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These men, in groups,
stayed in Japan
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and sent messages
one after the other
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using call signs
of aircraft carriers and other ships
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as a form of deception.
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Japanese plans
to attack Pearl Harbor
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it took more than nine months
to be done.
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The architect of this plan was
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto.
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00:11:55,800 --> 00:12:02,160
Isoroku Yamamoto had a character
conflicting, or even contradictory.
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He had a rational side.
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And on the other hand
I liked to place bets.
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In January 1941,
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Admiral Yamamoto began
presenting your plan of attack
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but many rejected him.
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There were many people
in the naval hierarchy
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that they thought it was
a suicide mission
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and that it was unnecessary.
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They especially didn't want
give him so many aircraft carriers.
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With so much opposition,
the plan has been paused
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until Yamamoto
played his trump card.
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Yamamoto threatened to resign
and many of his followers too.
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He was known
and respected
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and threaten to resign
would have a lot of weight.
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And then, he triumphed.
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Your plan has been accepted
in October 1941
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but many still had
your doubts.
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If we went to war
with the USA,
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they had more planes
combat, more ships.
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So we had accepted
The fact that
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we wouldn't go back.
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In Pearl Harbor
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Admiral Kimmel
and his team reflected
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00:13:33,440 --> 00:13:36,120
about the surprising news
that they had received
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about the possibility
of a Japanese attack.
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Washington sent everyone
their commanders in the Pacific,
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a hitherto unprecedented message
in American naval history.
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The message just said
in the first line:
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"This message must be
considered a warning of war."
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And he also said
"We think the Japanese attack
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00:14:01,080 --> 00:14:05,360
will be made in the Philippines
or in Borneo."
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It didn't mention Hawaii,
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but I told Kimmel
"You must prepare."
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American bases
in the Pacific
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received a lot of information
very different,
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that pointed to
the imminence of the Japanese attack.
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00:14:21,440 --> 00:14:23,520
Kimmel was alerted,
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00:14:23,600 --> 00:14:26,840
but military force
was not in a war position.
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00:14:26,920 --> 00:14:28,720
War had not been declared.
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They didn't know where it would come from.
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They didn't know how it would be done.
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However,
over 1600 miles across the ocean,
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00:14:41,280 --> 00:14:44,440
the Japanese fleet was almost there
halfway to Pearl Harbor.
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The route the Japanese chose
to get closer to Hawaii
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00:14:50,560 --> 00:14:54,520
went through the most isolated sections
of the North Pacific,
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00:14:54,600 --> 00:14:57,960
which meant that
conditions would be terrible.
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00:14:59,960 --> 00:15:02,600
There were men being taken
by the water on the deck.
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00:15:02,680 --> 00:15:05,840
It was also very cold
and it was very uncomfortable.
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00:15:05,920 --> 00:15:12,520
The Japanese used little fuel
to heat the interior of ships,
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00:15:12,600 --> 00:15:15,480
and used the cold sea water
to take a shower.
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It was a crossing
terribly cold in winter.
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When we left Hitokappu Bay,
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the weather conditions
they were terrible.
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We played Go or Shogi
and we listened to records.
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We had fun.
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Nobody talked much
of life or death.
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Vice Admiral Chūichi Nagumo
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00:16:02,160 --> 00:16:06,440
was on board the aircraft carrier Akagi
and was the commander of the Japanese fleet.
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00:16:07,360 --> 00:16:12,640
The commander of the attack fleet
was someone who cared easily,
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00:16:12,720 --> 00:16:15,920
and he was always apprehensive
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00:16:16,000 --> 00:16:20,440
about whether they would listen
some message from Tokyo
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00:16:20,520 --> 00:16:22,480
telling them that
the attack was cancelled.
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00:16:23,680 --> 00:16:27,600
But today, Nagumo would receive
the order in which he expected.
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00:16:29,560 --> 00:16:32,520
The order said
"Climb Niitaka Mountain."
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00:16:32,600 --> 00:16:36,400
This meant that negotiations
with the Americans
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00:16:36,480 --> 00:16:39,040
they had failed,
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00:16:39,120 --> 00:16:41,160
and that there was no hope
to avoid war.
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If there had been any progress
in Washington,
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the fleet that was on its way
would have received radio contact
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00:16:50,200 --> 00:16:52,880
with the message:
"Peace has been restored."
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00:16:52,960 --> 00:16:57,640
But the negotiations would not reach
nowhere and both parties knew it.
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00:16:59,080 --> 00:17:00,120
And at this moment,
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00:17:00,200 --> 00:17:03,080
Nagumo's forces
should continue their mission
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00:17:03,160 --> 00:17:07,320
and destroy the American naval force
in Pearl Harbor as much as possible.
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00:17:14,080 --> 00:17:17,640
Pearl Harbor has
incredible geological features,
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00:17:17,720 --> 00:17:20,960
with your location
on the south coast of the island of Oahu.
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00:17:22,480 --> 00:17:26,360
And its main and rare feature
was to have shallow waters.
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The depth of the water
it was 45 feet.
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00:17:31,240 --> 00:17:33,720
And this little depth
became an asset
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00:17:34,480 --> 00:17:39,760
in terms of being threatened
by air-launched torpedoes.
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00:17:41,400 --> 00:17:44,240
Traditionally,
torpedoes launched from a certain height
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00:17:44,360 --> 00:17:49,200
they would probably sink
40, 50, 60 feet out to sea,
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00:17:49,280 --> 00:17:51,480
before starting your journey.
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00:17:51,560 --> 00:17:57,000
A port is not a good place to attack
ships in conventional thinking.
253
00:17:58,600 --> 00:18:00,400
The Japanese solution
for this problem
254
00:18:00,480 --> 00:18:04,600
went to put wooden fins
in torpedoes launched from the air,
255
00:18:05,320 --> 00:18:07,240
which would serve as
shock absorbers.
256
00:18:07,320 --> 00:18:09,400
When the torpedo
hits the surface of the water,
257
00:18:09,480 --> 00:18:13,720
these wooden fins absorb
the shock, they break and destroy themselves
258
00:18:13,800 --> 00:18:17,520
and in this way reduce
the torpedo dive.
259
00:18:19,280 --> 00:18:22,800
They had also drastically reduced
the speed of planes
260
00:18:22,880 --> 00:18:27,160
and asked the pilots to bank
the nose of the plane up
261
00:18:27,280 --> 00:18:28,600
about five degrees
262
00:18:29,600 --> 00:18:34,160
to ensure that the torpedo
fall horizontally into the water.
263
00:18:35,600 --> 00:18:39,640
This would allow the torpedo
not to sink so much
264
00:18:39,720 --> 00:18:42,000
and get stuck in the harbor mud.
265
00:18:44,000 --> 00:18:46,560
The pilots were
specially selected
266
00:18:46,640 --> 00:18:48,520
to carry out
difficult maneuvers.
267
00:18:50,960 --> 00:18:52,480
They were the best pilots,
268
00:18:52,560 --> 00:18:54,360
and this is necessary
269
00:18:54,440 --> 00:18:57,920
because the Japanese air force
it was very small
270
00:18:58,000 --> 00:19:01,840
and their resources were limited,
especially after the embargo.
271
00:19:01,920 --> 00:19:07,440
They just had to choose
those who could actually fly well.
272
00:19:08,440 --> 00:19:14,440
Pilots began training
in southern Japan, in Kinko Bay,
273
00:19:14,520 --> 00:19:17,080
which had the same shape
of Pearl Harbor.
274
00:19:17,160 --> 00:19:20,000
The pilots didn't know
what they were training for.
275
00:19:21,720 --> 00:19:26,880
The instruments were not good
to measure distance or height,
276
00:19:28,040 --> 00:19:32,640
so I trained and learned
measuring through the line of sight.
277
00:19:34,200 --> 00:19:37,840
We were training for
278
00:19:37,920 --> 00:19:44,840
make air attacks with torpedoes
in shallow bays.
279
00:19:46,240 --> 00:19:50,480
The main targets were the eight ships
US Pacific Fleet warfare
280
00:19:51,080 --> 00:19:55,360
which were moored in the center
from the port, at the Battleship Row pier.
281
00:19:57,200 --> 00:19:59,320
From the Japanese perspective,
282
00:19:59,400 --> 00:20:02,000
warships were still
the most valuable asset.
283
00:20:02,080 --> 00:20:05,480
That's how it was measured
naval power in 1941.
284
00:20:05,560 --> 00:20:09,920
So, if four or five sank
of American warships,
285
00:20:10,000 --> 00:20:12,600
they would draw the line of battle
out of service
286
00:20:12,680 --> 00:20:16,720
and it would mean success
of this operation.
287
00:20:17,960 --> 00:20:19,480
Your secondary targets
288
00:20:19,600 --> 00:20:22,680
they were three huge
fleet aircraft carrier,
289
00:20:22,760 --> 00:20:26,120
which were normally moored
in the northern area of Ford Island,
290
00:20:26,200 --> 00:20:27,640
on the Carrier Row pier.
291
00:20:28,600 --> 00:20:33,600
Although the air force is
growing in importance,
292
00:20:34,280 --> 00:20:39,560
the world marine forces
were still centered on ships,
293
00:20:39,640 --> 00:20:43,120
like your naval weapons
most important.
294
00:20:43,680 --> 00:20:49,240
Yamamoto hoped to destroy
the ships of the US Pacific Fleet,
295
00:20:49,320 --> 00:20:52,160
it was both a psychological attack
296
00:20:52,240 --> 00:20:55,520
like a military attack.
297
00:21:05,680 --> 00:21:07,120
In Pearl Harbor
298
00:21:07,200 --> 00:21:10,600
Admiral Kimmel met with
chief of intelligence, Edwin Layton.
299
00:21:11,160 --> 00:21:14,960
The news I had could be
crucial to prepare for an attack.
300
00:21:17,360 --> 00:21:20,640
The US intelligence chief said
"I have to tell you, Admiral,
301
00:21:20,720 --> 00:21:23,760
that four of the Japanese aircraft carriers
302
00:21:23,840 --> 00:21:25,920
they are not saying anything.
303
00:21:26,040 --> 00:21:28,320
There is no radio communication
between them.
304
00:21:28,400 --> 00:21:31,440
They are not communicating
nor receiving messages."
305
00:21:33,120 --> 00:21:35,600
Japanese ships already had
missing before,
306
00:21:37,560 --> 00:21:40,200
then Kimmel and Layton
they weren't worried for no reason.
307
00:21:43,400 --> 00:21:47,080
He said, "Admiral, I think
that means they are in a port
308
00:21:47,160 --> 00:21:49,440
and that's why they don't communicate."
309
00:21:50,640 --> 00:21:54,120
And Kimmel agreed
with the chief of intelligence,
310
00:21:54,200 --> 00:21:59,160
that the silence of aircraft carriers
it meant they were in Japan.
311
00:21:59,240 --> 00:22:01,160
But it was a crucial mistake.
312
00:22:02,640 --> 00:22:03,760
The four aircraft carriers
313
00:22:03,840 --> 00:22:08,560
there were four of the six
who were on their way to Hawaii.
314
00:22:16,640 --> 00:22:18,880
Without the Americans suspecting,
315
00:22:18,960 --> 00:22:22,280
the Japanese fleet was there too
receiving essential information.
316
00:22:23,800 --> 00:22:28,560
Its source in Hawaii was
a spy named Takeo Yoshikawa.
317
00:22:30,640 --> 00:22:35,320
It was hidden in plain sight
among the Japanese population of Hawaii
318
00:22:35,400 --> 00:22:37,080
during the previous eight months.
319
00:22:37,160 --> 00:22:42,080
He is one of the best spies
of the Second World War.
320
00:22:42,200 --> 00:22:46,920
And his job was to study
the operations of the Pacific Fleet,
321
00:22:47,040 --> 00:22:49,080
where they docked,
322
00:22:49,160 --> 00:22:50,600
their capabilities,
323
00:22:52,520 --> 00:22:54,960
fly over your airfields,
324
00:22:55,040 --> 00:22:57,440
see the power of your planes.
325
00:22:59,040 --> 00:23:03,360
He was an experienced naval officer
and knew what to look for.
326
00:23:03,440 --> 00:23:06,640
He was also a man
very creative.
327
00:23:06,720 --> 00:23:09,880
I was able to do
amazing things
328
00:23:09,960 --> 00:23:11,640
to get information.
329
00:23:13,520 --> 00:23:17,960
Yoshikawa found a taxi driver
who took him around the island
330
00:23:18,040 --> 00:23:19,720
to see different locations.
331
00:23:19,800 --> 00:23:22,000
He took boat trips.
332
00:23:22,080 --> 00:23:24,920
Sometimes he dived into the water,
333
00:23:25,000 --> 00:23:29,720
and used a thin stick to get
breathe underwater.
334
00:23:30,680 --> 00:23:34,800
He noticed that there were no
anti-torpedo nets
335
00:23:34,920 --> 00:23:36,520
around the warships.
336
00:23:37,200 --> 00:23:41,840
Yoshikawa also noted that
there were no barrage balloons.
337
00:23:42,800 --> 00:23:46,440
The barrage balloons
would make air strikes difficult.
338
00:23:47,760 --> 00:23:53,520
Yoshikawa did a good job
in collecting information
339
00:23:53,600 --> 00:23:56,640
about how
the Pacific Fleet operated.
340
00:23:57,480 --> 00:24:00,400
They were normally at the port
on weekends,
341
00:24:00,480 --> 00:24:03,040
and that was the bit
of crucial information
342
00:24:03,120 --> 00:24:07,560
that led to Yamamoto's decision
to attack on a Sunday morning.
343
00:24:16,040 --> 00:24:18,720
In Washington,
President Roosevelt was alerted
344
00:24:18,840 --> 00:24:22,760
about a message
Japanese internal diplomacy
345
00:24:22,840 --> 00:24:26,480
that marked the intention
to end peace negotiations.
346
00:24:28,840 --> 00:24:31,080
This message had instructions
347
00:24:31,160 --> 00:24:34,640
so that Japanese embassies
started destroying documents,
348
00:24:34,720 --> 00:24:38,360
destroy code books,
destroy coding machines.
349
00:24:38,440 --> 00:24:44,160
This also suggested some kind of
completion of the negotiation process
350
00:24:44,280 --> 00:24:46,440
that had happened during
every autumn.
351
00:24:48,800 --> 00:24:53,320
Roosevelt was quite alarmed
when you read this message,
352
00:24:53,400 --> 00:24:56,480
and spoke with the deputy of the naval forces
who gave you the message
353
00:24:56,560 --> 00:24:58,720
and asked him
"What do you think this means?"
354
00:24:58,800 --> 00:25:03,240
And he said "If there were
one chance in a thousand
355
00:25:03,320 --> 00:25:08,120
to keep the peace yesterday,
today it's one in a million."
356
00:25:27,720 --> 00:25:30,320
The Saturday night before
to attack,
357
00:25:30,400 --> 00:25:34,200
It was a typical night in the city
for many of the military.
358
00:25:34,880 --> 00:25:39,440
They were drinking, eating,
spending time with friends.
359
00:25:41,320 --> 00:25:44,600
And there was also a
band competition at that time.
360
00:25:49,800 --> 00:25:53,920
It was a competition
of bands of warships,
361
00:25:54,560 --> 00:25:57,600
and I think we had
reached halfway
362
00:25:58,800 --> 00:26:01,360
and our band
I was still in first.
363
00:26:02,680 --> 00:26:07,680
We played a lot of marching music
or light classical music,
364
00:26:07,760 --> 00:26:10,800
and maybe some Latin music.
365
00:26:11,880 --> 00:26:13,880
We were the favorite band.
366
00:26:13,960 --> 00:26:17,520
The last song we played
it was called White Heat.
367
00:26:17,600 --> 00:26:19,240
It was fast and noisy.
368
00:26:20,080 --> 00:26:22,720
The winner was chosen
for the applause,
369
00:26:22,800 --> 00:26:27,280
so I think we had more.
We had more colleagues there,
370
00:26:27,360 --> 00:26:29,760
so we came first.
371
00:26:41,880 --> 00:26:45,680
The Japanese strike force
was now 400 miles from Hawaii
372
00:26:45,760 --> 00:26:47,920
and almost in yours
final attack position.
373
00:26:50,080 --> 00:26:53,440
At command
Japanese aircraft carrier Akagi,
374
00:26:53,520 --> 00:26:56,560
Vice Admiral Nagumo
received the final message
375
00:26:56,640 --> 00:26:58,480
Pearl Harbor spy.
376
00:26:59,880 --> 00:27:03,200
On the eve of the attack,
it seemed like there wouldn't be
377
00:27:03,280 --> 00:27:06,440
no American aircraft carriers
in the port.
378
00:27:06,520 --> 00:27:08,080
That was a disappointment,
379
00:27:08,160 --> 00:27:12,280
but at the same time,
There was also knowledge
380
00:27:12,360 --> 00:27:13,960
that there were many
warships
381
00:27:14,040 --> 00:27:16,480
and other targets to take down.
382
00:27:18,520 --> 00:27:25,200
The night before the attack
it was very calm.
383
00:27:26,480 --> 00:27:28,880
In relation
to possible death,
384
00:27:28,960 --> 00:27:31,600
once we got on the plane
and we took off,
385
00:27:31,680 --> 00:27:33,520
we had to be prepared
for that.
386
00:27:34,680 --> 00:27:36,800
I didn't particularly
fear of dying
387
00:27:36,880 --> 00:27:41,480
just because we were going
to Hawaii.
388
00:27:46,280 --> 00:27:48,600
At this moment,
right outside Pearl Harbor,
389
00:27:48,680 --> 00:27:52,280
American sailors saw
a strange type of submarine
390
00:27:52,360 --> 00:27:53,760
in the defense area.
391
00:27:55,160 --> 00:27:58,000
They passed on the information,
but it disappeared.
392
00:27:59,880 --> 00:28:04,760
Pearl Harbor was an experiment
of new military instruments
393
00:28:04,840 --> 00:28:09,760
that had not been used
until now in World War II.
394
00:28:09,840 --> 00:28:12,440
One of the weapons developed
it was a mini-submarine.
395
00:28:13,240 --> 00:28:16,160
They would be taken by large submarines
and then released.
396
00:28:19,120 --> 00:28:20,480
There was always this idea
397
00:28:20,560 --> 00:28:24,520
that the wooden fins
The torpedoes wouldn't work.
398
00:28:24,600 --> 00:28:27,120
So the Japanese had
a background
399
00:28:27,200 --> 00:28:29,680
what were these
five mini-submarines.
400
00:28:30,840 --> 00:28:32,920
They had about
80 feet long,
401
00:28:33,000 --> 00:28:35,960
six feet wide
in the widest part,
402
00:28:36,040 --> 00:28:39,320
and they were very tight.
403
00:28:39,400 --> 00:28:42,080
They just fit
two people inside.
404
00:28:42,160 --> 00:28:44,040
The conditions were
very hot,
405
00:28:44,120 --> 00:28:48,000
about 100 degrees Fahrenheit
(38 degrees Celsius).
406
00:28:48,080 --> 00:28:49,720
And basically,
407
00:28:49,800 --> 00:28:55,120
their goal was
enter Pearl Harbor
408
00:28:55,240 --> 00:28:57,480
to have strength
of extra torpedoes.
409
00:29:08,360 --> 00:29:09,800
In Washington,
410
00:29:09,920 --> 00:29:13,120
the last part of the message
of the Japanese government that highlighted
411
00:29:13,200 --> 00:29:18,840
plans to end negotiations,
was intercepted by the navy
412
00:29:18,920 --> 00:29:20,840
and revealed Japan's plans.
413
00:29:21,560 --> 00:29:23,920
The message mentioned that
414
00:29:24,000 --> 00:29:28,520
in opinion
of the Japanese government,
415
00:29:28,600 --> 00:29:30,960
all negotiations
should be finished.
416
00:29:31,680 --> 00:29:34,040
And it was almost read
as a declaration of war.
417
00:29:34,720 --> 00:29:37,520
But that was all part
from the Japanese plan.
418
00:29:38,400 --> 00:29:42,880
The reason Japan did this
It was because they wanted to say later
419
00:29:42,960 --> 00:29:47,560
who warned the Americans.
420
00:29:48,440 --> 00:29:52,320
With this aim, the message
instructed the Japanese ambassador
421
00:29:52,400 --> 00:29:55,600
delivered at 1pm
Washington local time
422
00:29:55,680 --> 00:29:58,680
it was 7:30 in the morning
in Hawaii.
423
00:29:59,920 --> 00:30:02,000
This caused concern
424
00:30:02,080 --> 00:30:05,440
that something would happen
around 1pm,
425
00:30:06,200 --> 00:30:09,560
and Washington began
preparing messages
426
00:30:09,640 --> 00:30:11,520
to Hawaii
and other places
427
00:30:12,120 --> 00:30:15,360
to alert about
the meaning of it.
428
00:30:15,960 --> 00:30:17,840
Warning messages
so crucial
429
00:30:17,920 --> 00:30:20,800
would normally be sent
through military means,
430
00:30:21,720 --> 00:30:22,760
but there was a problem.
431
00:30:24,520 --> 00:30:25,720
The problem was that
432
00:30:25,800 --> 00:30:31,920
the radio circuits between Washington
and Honolulu were not working well.
433
00:30:32,000 --> 00:30:36,160
So they had to send
these messages by normal means.
434
00:30:37,640 --> 00:30:41,200
The crucial message has been sent
through Western Union.
435
00:30:42,280 --> 00:30:46,120
And it would only arrive in Hawaii
at 7:33 am
436
00:30:46,200 --> 00:30:49,880
just 15 minutes before
Japanese attack begins.
437
00:30:56,680 --> 00:30:59,640
However,
on board the aircraft carrierSōryū,
438
00:30:59,720 --> 00:31:02,040
pilots and crew
they were preparing to attack.
439
00:31:04,560 --> 00:31:08,560
We felt that
if we were hit
440
00:31:08,640 --> 00:31:11,440
and we had to jump
parachuting would be terrible
441
00:31:11,520 --> 00:31:13,680
because we would be
prisoners of war.
442
00:31:13,760 --> 00:31:17,000
So we decided not to use
parachute equipment
443
00:31:17,080 --> 00:31:19,280
and we flew to Hawaii
444
00:31:19,360 --> 00:31:21,760
without using a parachute.
445
00:31:21,840 --> 00:31:22,880
Everyone, everyone.
446
00:31:35,080 --> 00:31:36,320
At 6 am
447
00:31:36,400 --> 00:31:38,880
the attack force arrived
to your attack position,
448
00:31:38,960 --> 00:31:41,920
180 miles northeast of Hawaii
449
00:31:42,560 --> 00:31:46,120
and the first wave of planes took off
Japanese aircraft carriers.
450
00:31:47,800 --> 00:31:52,680
It was dark when
we started to take off
451
00:31:52,760 --> 00:31:54,680
So I couldn't see properly.
452
00:31:54,760 --> 00:31:59,240
Nine fighter planes
took off before me.
453
00:31:59,320 --> 00:32:02,400
One of the planes failed
gain enough altitude
454
00:32:02,480 --> 00:32:06,280
and fell into the sea.
455
00:32:07,120 --> 00:32:11,560
Their plan was to fly
in two phases, one after the other,
456
00:32:11,640 --> 00:32:15,000
with torpedo bombers
starting the attack on the port
457
00:32:15,080 --> 00:32:18,160
and the airfields being attacked
right away.
458
00:32:18,240 --> 00:32:21,280
The first phase had
40 torpedo bombers,
459
00:32:21,360 --> 00:32:24,720
who would try to shipwreck
American warships.
460
00:32:24,800 --> 00:32:28,480
And then there was
50 high level bombers
461
00:32:28,560 --> 00:32:31,640
who would attack
ships inland.
462
00:32:32,920 --> 00:32:35,800
They were supported by bombers
and fighter planes
463
00:32:35,920 --> 00:32:38,520
led by
Commander Mitsuo Fuchida.
464
00:33:00,160 --> 00:33:01,760
In Pearl Harbor
465
00:33:01,840 --> 00:33:05,120
the Americans warned again
a type of submarine.
466
00:33:08,440 --> 00:33:12,360
The USS Wardsighted him
and shot him.
467
00:33:12,440 --> 00:33:16,120
The first shot failed,
but the second shot hit him,
468
00:33:16,200 --> 00:33:20,440
and they were sure that they had
shot down this type of submarine.
469
00:33:20,520 --> 00:33:24,160
The crew of the Uss Ward
I didn't know it yet,
470
00:33:24,240 --> 00:33:26,160
but they had done
471
00:33:26,240 --> 00:33:29,240
the first American shots
of the Second World War.
472
00:33:30,520 --> 00:33:33,040
A message has been sent
to Pearl Harbor,
473
00:33:33,120 --> 00:33:35,280
"We shot
and we shot down a submarine
474
00:33:35,360 --> 00:33:37,920
that operated in the defense area."
475
00:33:39,320 --> 00:33:44,400
This message, unfortunately,
it only reached a few people.
476
00:33:46,920 --> 00:33:52,160
There were so many reports of submarines
477
00:33:52,240 --> 00:33:53,760
that were false alarm,
478
00:33:53,840 --> 00:33:57,040
that the report did not arrive
nowhere.
479
00:33:59,800 --> 00:34:03,480
Meanwhile, at Opana Point,
at the northernmost point of Oahu,
480
00:34:03,560 --> 00:34:06,280
radar operators
saw what it looked like
481
00:34:06,360 --> 00:34:09,280
a large number of planes
approaching quickly.
482
00:34:16,200 --> 00:34:19,120
The soldiers
Joseph Lockhart and George Eliot
483
00:34:19,200 --> 00:34:22,000
of the air warning system
484
00:34:22,080 --> 00:34:26,640
noticed a large target
that appeared on their oscilloscopes.
485
00:34:27,920 --> 00:34:31,560
It was bigger than
anything seen before.
486
00:34:32,720 --> 00:34:34,920
And they watched for a few minutes,
487
00:34:35,040 --> 00:34:38,000
and they said
“We really have to communicate that.”
488
00:34:43,280 --> 00:34:45,360
Thirty minutes later
of the sighting,
489
00:34:45,440 --> 00:34:47,280
they called the operator
490
00:34:47,360 --> 00:34:50,280
that would get the message across,
to the officer in charge,
491
00:34:50,360 --> 00:34:52,280
First Lieutenant Kermit Tyler.
492
00:34:55,240 --> 00:34:58,880
Kermit Tyler remembered
what a friend told you
493
00:34:58,960 --> 00:35:03,720
about when American B-17 flights
reached the west coast,
494
00:35:04,880 --> 00:35:10,640
KGMB broadcast Hawaiian music
all night to guide them.
495
00:35:11,800 --> 00:35:14,720
And when Kermit heard this,
496
00:35:14,800 --> 00:35:19,000
remembered what he had heard
Hawaiian music in the car
497
00:35:19,080 --> 00:35:23,160
and thought
"Must be the B-17s."
498
00:35:26,720 --> 00:35:28,840
He didn't know anything about radars,
499
00:35:28,920 --> 00:35:31,840
and it was just there because they had
told to stay all night
500
00:35:31,920 --> 00:35:35,360
so you could see how
radar identification worked.
501
00:35:36,200 --> 00:35:41,360
And he said to the two men
from Opana Point: "Don't worry."
502
00:35:49,520 --> 00:35:51,560
The delayed message
from Washington
503
00:35:51,640 --> 00:35:54,480
notifying military bases
to stay on high alert
504
00:35:54,560 --> 00:35:58,600
finally arrived
to the RCA Honolulu telegraph.
505
00:36:00,720 --> 00:36:05,040
A messenger arrived
and put it in an envelope,
506
00:36:05,120 --> 00:36:06,960
and went up to
your motorcycle.
507
00:36:07,040 --> 00:36:09,840
But due to traffic
in Honolulu at this time,
508
00:36:09,920 --> 00:36:12,440
it took much longer
509
00:36:12,520 --> 00:36:16,800
managing to get out of traffic
and arrive at Pearl Harbor.
510
00:36:16,880 --> 00:36:20,360
And the message arrived
too late.
511
00:36:21,680 --> 00:36:23,000
At the same time,
512
00:36:23,080 --> 00:36:25,720
Admiral Kimmel
getting ready to play golf
513
00:36:25,800 --> 00:36:28,680
when the news
the mini-submarine arrived.
514
00:36:28,760 --> 00:36:30,440
When Kimmel read this,
515
00:36:30,520 --> 00:36:35,480
that a submarine had been
attacked at the entrance to Pearl Harbor,
516
00:36:35,560 --> 00:36:37,920
obviously caused
a lot of concern.
517
00:36:38,680 --> 00:36:41,800
Canceled your golf game
with General Short,
518
00:36:42,680 --> 00:36:47,520
and was getting ready
to return to base,
519
00:36:47,600 --> 00:36:51,320
to be able to better understand
what's going on.
520
00:36:56,960 --> 00:36:58,840
Near the coast of Oahu,
521
00:36:58,920 --> 00:37:02,240
the first wave of Japanese planes
arrived at the island.
522
00:37:08,360 --> 00:37:09,600
When I dropped in altitude,
523
00:37:09,680 --> 00:37:11,440
the clouds have changed
524
00:37:11,520 --> 00:37:14,000
and they were half as thick
from before,
525
00:37:14,080 --> 00:37:16,640
so you could see clearly
that was beneath us.
526
00:37:17,560 --> 00:37:23,040
I saw a white line
with circular shape.
527
00:37:23,120 --> 00:37:27,080
I knew right away
that we had reached the coast.
528
00:37:30,840 --> 00:37:32,960
Hawaii residents said
529
00:37:33,040 --> 00:37:37,280
"Oh my God, this is another
these ridiculous workouts."
530
00:37:37,360 --> 00:37:40,840
And for a long time,
They didn't pay any attention.
531
00:37:54,520 --> 00:37:58,080
Japanese planes
filled the heavens with ahu
532
00:37:58,200 --> 00:38:01,960
and waited for the signal
from its leader, Mitsuo Fuchida,
533
00:38:02,080 --> 00:38:03,080
to attack.
534
00:38:05,640 --> 00:38:08,600
If a flame were seen,
the surprise had been successful.
535
00:38:09,400 --> 00:38:13,360
If there were two flames,
it hadn't been a surprise.
536
00:38:13,440 --> 00:38:16,320
And that would change the shape
how the attack would happen.
537
00:38:18,400 --> 00:38:21,840
They got there,
they saw that no one was waiting for them,
538
00:38:21,920 --> 00:38:24,080
then the attack
it was a surprise.
539
00:38:25,440 --> 00:38:28,240
Mitsuo Fuchida
used the flare gun
540
00:38:28,320 --> 00:38:32,640
but he thought that one of his leaders
I hadn't noticed
541
00:38:32,720 --> 00:38:35,600
Why didn't you adopt
the correct way.
542
00:38:37,160 --> 00:38:40,080
So he decided to shoot
the flare gun again
543
00:38:40,200 --> 00:38:42,240
to make sure everyone saw it.
544
00:38:43,080 --> 00:38:46,560
But another of the leaders,
after seeing the second flame,
545
00:38:46,640 --> 00:38:49,600
thought it had been two flames,
546
00:38:49,680 --> 00:38:51,960
and immediately began the attack.
547
00:38:52,040 --> 00:38:57,920
Then left the formation
leading their planes to attack.
548
00:38:58,000 --> 00:38:59,400
Misunderstanding means
549
00:38:59,480 --> 00:39:03,680
what bombers and fighter planes
they would now attack the airfields first,
550
00:39:03,760 --> 00:39:07,760
and the torpedo bombers waited
to eliminate American defenses.
551
00:39:07,840 --> 00:39:11,320
What should happen is that
torpedo planes attacked first,
552
00:39:11,440 --> 00:39:14,920
because they would have to attack
slowly and at low altitude,
553
00:39:15,000 --> 00:39:17,600
would be very vulnerable
to anti-aircraft attacks.
554
00:39:17,680 --> 00:39:21,480
So they wanted this part of the attack
happen as quickly as possible
555
00:39:21,560 --> 00:39:26,520
before Americans were alerted
to have a better chance of success.
556
00:39:40,640 --> 00:39:44,400
Wheeler Airfield in central Oahu,
he was the first to be hit
557
00:39:44,480 --> 00:39:47,760
followed by Kaneohe Air Station
in the east of the island.
558
00:39:51,400 --> 00:39:53,320
We were on our way
of breakfast,
559
00:39:54,160 --> 00:39:59,800
and when we left the barracks,
a Japanese plane overtook us.
560
00:39:59,880 --> 00:40:02,960
And since the army had
been doing training,
561
00:40:03,040 --> 00:40:07,720
I thought: "Look, the army is doing
this really seems real.
562
00:40:09,200 --> 00:40:12,000
They painted a plane
as if he were Japanese,
563
00:40:12,080 --> 00:40:15,080
and they are pretending
who are attacking us."
564
00:40:17,320 --> 00:40:21,480
He had been allocated to the plane
that was flying over the water that day.
565
00:40:21,560 --> 00:40:26,000
We had planned the training,
and I was preparing for it.
566
00:40:26,920 --> 00:40:29,400
I heard a plane flying overhead
and I looked up,
567
00:40:29,480 --> 00:40:31,840
and I saw that it was a formation
of arriving planes.
568
00:40:36,040 --> 00:40:39,480
I don't know if I was hit in the first few
or second shots,
569
00:40:40,080 --> 00:40:42,240
but he could see where the bullets
were entering
570
00:40:43,000 --> 00:40:45,960
and saw small splashes of water
entering through the base.
571
00:40:46,040 --> 00:40:49,400
And then a bullet, obviously,
entered the fuel tank
572
00:40:49,480 --> 00:40:54,400
and the plane went up in flames
very quickly.
573
00:40:57,960 --> 00:40:59,800
They bombed our hangar.
574
00:41:00,560 --> 00:41:04,760
We ran towards the hangar
and when we arrived,
575
00:41:04,840 --> 00:41:09,000
they had bombed most
of our planes.
576
00:41:14,560 --> 00:41:16,720
Planes at Oahu airfields
577
00:41:16,800 --> 00:41:19,680
had been positioned
so that it could be saved easily.
578
00:41:22,480 --> 00:41:26,480
The army grouped them together
instead of separating them,
579
00:41:26,560 --> 00:41:30,640
because they were afraid of sabotage by
part of the Japanese Americans in the area
580
00:41:30,720 --> 00:41:34,440
much more than they feared
plane attacks.
581
00:41:34,520 --> 00:41:37,560
The army gave it on a platter
to the Japanese
582
00:41:37,640 --> 00:41:39,960
the planes that made it
easily destroy.
583
00:41:42,000 --> 00:41:43,880
We tried to move some of them.
584
00:41:43,960 --> 00:41:48,080
We managed to separate them,
because some were on fire,
585
00:41:48,160 --> 00:41:50,920
so that it doesn't
if they all burned down.
586
00:41:52,200 --> 00:41:54,680
The result was a tremendous loss
of Americans.
587
00:41:54,760 --> 00:41:57,760
Hangars burning,
destroyed planes,
588
00:41:57,840 --> 00:42:00,120
lots of smoke,
fatal victims.
589
00:42:02,400 --> 00:42:03,920
I was burned when I left.
590
00:42:04,000 --> 00:42:07,560
Had to swim through the fuel
which was on fire in the water.
591
00:42:08,440 --> 00:42:11,600
We had three or four planes
in the water,
592
00:42:11,680 --> 00:42:14,480
and I think I was the only one
to get out of there alive.
593
00:42:19,040 --> 00:42:22,760
At that moment,
with Japanese bombers,
594
00:42:22,880 --> 00:42:28,120
torpedo bombers,
combat approaching Pearl Harbor,
595
00:42:28,200 --> 00:42:32,040
there were none
American plane flying.
596
00:42:40,120 --> 00:42:44,200
Japanese Commander Mitsuo Fuchida,
that flew over Pearl Harbor,
597
00:42:44,320 --> 00:42:46,080
sent a message in code
598
00:42:46,160 --> 00:42:51,360
repeating the Japanese word
for tiger "Tora, tora, tora"
599
00:42:51,440 --> 00:42:54,600
what it meant
"We got a complete surprise."
600
00:42:57,800 --> 00:43:01,560
He asked the radio operator
to write the message.
601
00:43:01,640 --> 00:43:07,080
It was at that time that they began
the attack on the port.
602
00:43:08,320 --> 00:43:13,840
It was clear that there was no hope of
Americans to avoid what was coming,
603
00:43:13,920 --> 00:43:17,120
that would be an attack
completely devastating.
604
00:43:21,520 --> 00:43:22,880
In the next episode...
605
00:43:22,960 --> 00:43:26,360
The Japanese put it into action
the full strength of your weapons
606
00:43:26,440 --> 00:43:28,680
against the Pacific Fleet
at Pearl Harbor.
607
00:43:30,560 --> 00:43:34,520
The bomb came in
right in the center of the ship
608
00:43:34,600 --> 00:43:36,600
and I was thrown out
from the deck.
609
00:43:39,840 --> 00:43:43,720
We lost 1177 men
in 10 minutes.
610
00:43:43,800 --> 00:43:45,720
We are lucky to be alive.
611
00:43:50,040 --> 00:43:53,240
He was yelling at me
to get on one of those boats.
612
00:43:53,320 --> 00:43:55,840
"I'm not going to leave my brothers.
They are here.
613
00:43:55,920 --> 00:43:57,440
I have to find them."
614
00:44:00,080 --> 00:44:03,160
The Gates of Hell
had been opened.
615
00:44:03,880 --> 00:44:06,640
The scenario was
even catastrophic.